Globalization and Healthcare Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Globalization and Healthcare - Essay Example Thesis: Profession in Construction and Engineering play a critical role in globalization of healthcare provision. II. Engineering technologists design and construct hospital equipment for efficient healthcare. Such equipment have enhance globalization of healthcare III. Professionals in construction and engineering design health care facilities. They collaborate with health professions to ensure the facilities for different healthcare departments are conducive. IV. Developments in the field of construction and engineering have enhanced transport and communication. This has enabled traveling across the globe in search of better healthcare. Additionally, improved communication has enhanced sharing of knowledge between health professions. Introduction As healthcare provision becomes more individualized and global, the need for technological advancement has become inevitable. This has resulted in partnerships between professional in engineering and those from the healthcare profession. T his has proved helpful by enabling efficiency in overall healthcare provision. The field of construction and engineering play a role in several other fields including healthcare. Engineering technologists are involved in applying scientific principles as well as theories to manufacture appliances that help solve technical problems in fields such as medicine and healthcare. Professions in the field of construction and engineering have greatly contributed in enhancing healthcare research. Engineers ensure that devices used in healthcare are of quality through their role of quality control and inspections. Additionally, medical devices and machineries require frequent maintenances, which are done by engineering technologist. This paper focuses on the role of construction and engineering in globalization of healthcare. Additionally, the paper will analyze how construction and engineering projects affect global healthcare. There are several roles played by construction and engineering pr ofessions in enhancing healthcare. Health care professions do not have skills required to design and manufacture healthcare devices and machineries. The healthcare facilities require be designing and constructing appropriately, which is only possible through the intervention of engineers. Additionally, health care providers cannot maintain the machineries as well as the healthcare facilities. The role of engineers is thus crucial for effective operations in the hospitals. For sustainable health care provision, the healthcare providers must collaborate with professions from construction and engineering. For globalization of healthcare, there is need for changes in medical technologies, which are designed, developed, and maintained by engineers (National Academy of Sciences Web). Engineering technologists working in the field of research are involved in developing and manufacture of hospital equipment. The equipment could be for conducting experiments, data collection, record keeping, as well as for diagnosis and treatment purposes. Research conducted by engineering technologist aids in designing of new equipment such as computer aided machineries improving healthcare provision (National Academy of Sciences Web). Professions in construction and engineering play the role of designing and construction health care facilities. They ensures that the healthcare facilities are conducive for efficient healthcare provision. Additionally, the engineers must work in collaboration with healthcare professions to construct healthcare

Threat of Information Technology to Law Enforcement Essay Example for Free

Threat of Information Technology to Law Enforcement Essay Information technology can be defined as â€Å"Any equipment or interconnected system or subsystem of equipment that is used in the automatic acquisition, storage, manipulation, management, movement, control, display, switching, interchange, transmission, or reception of data or information. The term information technology includes computers, ancillary equipment, software, firmware and similar procedures, services (including support services), and related resources†. (Section 508 Definitions) In present days, the use of information technology has become a life blood for every organization. In this regard, the internet has greatly effect on the world of business transactions, and the fast price declines of telecommunications bandwidth and computing power are having a dramatic impact on the financial world. All banks and financial institutions have connected their network by using IT and hence made it possible that user can withdraw and send payment from one place to another in no time. It becomes very easy to make an online debit or credit card payment. Electronic commerce has been rapidly increasing not only in B2B business to business transactions but also in B2C business to consumer transactions. Simultaneously, the fast expansion of electronic-commerce has brought about important changes in the territory of settlement, which is inevitably incidental to transactions. Paper-based payment by check, which is a normally conventional method of settlement, has been used in fewer cases due to a altering connection between sales transactions and settlement with the development of IT and the expansion of Internet-based financial transactions. However, some new ideas have emerged in terms of legal constitutions, legal theories, legal concepts, and concerning conventional settlement. Use of IT unable the development of procedures financial markets, and instruments that economist in the past could only theorize about. Financial transactions can be settled in real time although the contracting parties may be hundreds of miles apart. As technology has progressed, Electronic-money is being introduced as the newest method of exchanging value. Obviously, the electronic exchange of money is by no means a new invention. Financial institutions and Banks have been using computers to deal with one another for quite some time. Alone in the United States, in terms of the volume of dollars exchanged, the computer-based Fed-wire and Clearing House Inter-bank Payments System (or CHIPS) together account for 90 percent of all transactions. Besides, 90 percent of individual transactions are still made by check and cash. With the huge advancement in information technology several payments and collections methods have been developed and used successfully. â€Å"The rise of the Internet and the speed of financial transactions facilitated by computers have expanded money laundering opportunities and activities in the latter half of the 1990s. There are increasing numbers of Webs sites that solicit money for transfer offshore, the rise of internet gambling and of virtual banking have made it possible to launder money without any infrastructure to run or regulate international banking operations. Instead, the rise of information technology and the growth of uncrackable encryption have provided the possibility of laundering money with greater facility and with almost perfect anonymity. All that is needed is a computer†. (Shelley, n.p.)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The rise of the new IT has helped an incredible communications revolution, also it has led to the growth of money laundering in some of the most remote areas in the world. Some important locations include Nauru, Vanuatu and the Marshall Islands through whose banks millions have been laundered in the last couple of decades. â€Å"Facilitating the rise of virtual banking in offshore locations has been the willingness of major banks to receive funds that have been routed through these locales. While well-written software could screen these transactions and prevent the absorption of these funds into mainstream banking centers, this has not occurred†. (Shelley, n.p.) What is Money Laundering?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   â€Å"Electronic Money Laundering covers the ABCs of money laundering and its connection to drug trafficking, terrorism and the global underground economy.   It traces the relevant statutory history from the Bank Secrecy Act of 1970 onward†. (Farber, n.p.) How Money is Laundered Typically, by moving it from one state to another electronically or physically and obscuring its origin through complicated financial transactions. Financial Action Task Force (FATF), calculates of the amount of money laundered yearly worldwide from the illicit drug trade alone range between $US 300 billion and $US 500 billion. Usually money laundering has three stages: placement, where illicit cash is converted into monetary instruments or deposited into financial system accounts; layering, where the funds are moved to other financial Institutions; and integration, where these funds are used to acquire assets or fund further activities. The credit card industry includes: (1)   â€Å"Credit card associations (associations), such as VISA and MasterCard, which license their member banks to issue bankcards, or authorize merchants to accept those cards, or both; (2)   Issuing banks, which solicit potential customers and issue the credit cards; acquiring banks, which process transactions for merchants that accept credit cards; and (3)   third-party processors, which contract with issuing or acquiring banks to provide transaction processing and other credit card–related services for the banks†.( Money Laundering Extent of Money Laundering through Credit Cards is Unknown, pg, 1, 2) According to Assistant Director James E. Finch, of the FBI’s Cyber Division â€Å"The advent of new electronic currency systems increases the risk that criminals, and possibly terrorists, will exploit these systems to launder money and transfer funds globally to avoid law enforcement scrutiny and circumvent banking regulations and reporting.†   (Digital Currency Business E-Gold) Representatives of regulatory bodies, law enforcement agencies and gaming and credit card industries expressed mixed views concerning the vulnerability of Internet gambling to money laundering. According to law enforcement officials gambling on internet could be used as a primary motive for laundering criminal proceeds at the comparatively obscure layering stage of money laundering. Moreover, officials admitted the lack of adjudicated cases involving money laundering via internet gambling sites but referred what they believe to be leading factors, including the deficiency of any industry regulations or oversight. Regulatory gaming and banking officials did not consider internet gambling as being especially susceptible to money laundering. Particularly, when credit cards, which make a transaction record and are subject to comparatively low transaction limits, are employed for payment. Similarly, officials of gaming industry and credit card did not believe Internet gambling posed any peculiar risks in terms of money laundering. According to gaming industry officials Internet gambling was any more or less vulnerable to money laundering than other types of E-commerce, in their view, the financial industry, which is primary responsible for the payments system, is suited to monitoring for doubtful activity in the area than the gaming industry itself. Money Laundering Methods Electronic Funds Transfer Also known as wire transfer or telegraphic transfer, this method of money laundering consists of sending funds electronically from one nation to another in order to avoid the need to physically transport the currency. Postal Money Orders The purchase of money orders for cash provides opportunities to money launderers to send these financial instruments out of the state for deposit into overseas or offshore account. Credit Cards Overpaying credit cards and keeping a high balance in credit cards gives money launderers right of entry to these funds to purchase high value items or to change the credit balance into checks. Casinos In this method cash may be taken to a casino to buy chips which can then be redeemed for a casino check. Refining In this method the money launderer exchange small denomination bills for larger ones and can be carried out by a person who change the bills at a number of different banks in order not to raise suspicion. Structuring Smurfing Smurfing is perhaps the most used money laundering method. In this method many peoples who deposit cash into bank accounts or purchase bank drafts in amounts under $10,000 value to avoid the reporting threshold. Currency Exchanges and Money Services   Currency exchanges and Money services render a service that enables peoples to exchange overseas currency that can then be transported out of the city or country. Money can also be wired to accounts in other states. Other services provided by these businesses include the traveler’s checks, sale of money orders, and cashiers cheques. Asset Purchases with Bulk Cash In method of money laundering a money launderer may but high value items like cars, boats or other luxury items like electronics and jewelry. Money launderers will use these items but will distance themselves by having them registered or bought in a company’s name. Legitimate Business Individuals or criminal groups may invest or take over in businesses that usually handle a high cash transaction volume in order to mix the illicit moves with those of the legitimate business. Criminals may also buy businesses that receive cash payments, including bars; currency exchange shops restaurants, night clubs, and vending machine corporations.  Money launderer will then insert criminal funds as false income mixed with revenue that would not otherwise be adequate to maintain a legitimate business. Value Tampering â€Å"Money launderers may look for property owners who agree to sell their property, on paper, at a price below its actual value and then accept the difference of the purchase price under the table. In this way, the launderer can, for example, purchase a $2 million dollar property for $1 million, while secretly passing the balance to the seller. After holding the property for a period of time, the launderer then sells it for its true value of $2 million†. (Money Laundering A Preventive Guide) Loan Back In this money laundering method a criminal furnishes an associate with a sum of illegitimate money and the associate makes the paperwork for mortgage or a loan back to the criminal for the same amount, including all of the essential documentation.  This makes a false impression that the criminals funds are legitimate about our national security†. (Electronic Money Laundering An Environmental Scan) Effects of Money Laundering â€Å"Money laundering has far-reaching consequences: It makes crime pay; it allows drug traffickers, smugglers and other criminals to expand their operations. This drives up the cost of law enforcement and health care (e.g., treatment of drug addictions). It has the potential to undermine the financial community because of the sheer magnitude of the sums involved. The potential for corruption increases with the vast amounts of illegally obtained money in circulation. Laundering diminishes government tax revenue and therefore indirectly harms honest taxpayers and reduces legitimate job opportunities. Perceived ease of entry to our country attracts an undesirable element across our borders, degrading our quality of life and raising concerns â€Å"The key to control of international crime may depend on cutting off the flow of illegal profits to criminal organizations. It is estimated that $300 billion of dirty money may be laundered each year, its origin and ownership obscured as it passes through financial institutions and across national boundaries in an effort to hide and protect it from law enforcement authorities. Criminal organizations, like legitimate businesses, enjoy a swift and nearly risk free conduit for moving money between countries wire transfer systems. Illicit wire transfers are easily hidden among the 700,000 mostly legitimate wire transfers that occur daily in the United States, moving well over $2 trillion†. (Information Technologies for the Control of Money Laundering) The OTA was asked by the Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations of the Senate Committee on Governmental Affairs to evaluate the proposed use of techniques derived from AI research to monitor wire transfer traffic and realize doubtful transfers. Furthermore, fully automated computer screening of wire transfers was found to be almost impossible for some technical reasons. Nevertheless, OTA analysts developed and assessed a number of alternative configurations of technology that, combined with obvious legal and institutional innovations, could greatly improve the capability of law enforcement agencies to discover and prosecute money launders seeking to exploit United States. In addition, wire transfer systems and financial institutions all of these suggested configurations entail some social costs and economic, including some possible diminution of financial privacy, strategies are proposed for minimizing these costs while improving the possible usefulness of IT in control of money laundering.          Future of Money Laundering Cyber payments â€Å"The term cyber payments is just one of many used to describe systems which facilitate the transfer of financial value (i.e., digital currency, e-money). In fact, these developments may alter the means by which all types of financial transactions are conducted and financial payment systems are operated. Such transactions may occur via the Internet or through the use of smart cards which unlike debit or credit cards actually contain a microchip, which stores value on the card. Some Cyber payments systems use both. E-Cash There are several systems of e-money. There are stored value cards such as MONDEX which is a rechargeable card (charged by putting it in a special slot in an ATM), and is both an access device and a self contained store of value. Further to this is Internet-based payment systems that use the Internet’s telecommunications capability to facilitate financial transactions with other users. The personal computer which serves as the user’s interface with the Internet payment system can also store value and is therefore, also an access device and self contained store of value. Morris-Cotterill (How Not To Be a Money Launderer, 1996) describes the Internet as being one of the greatest opportunities for laundering because of the total lack of traceable transactions, the use of encryption software will further make transactions totally secure. With the Internet, being connected to anywhere in the world is no problem and this will allow cross border movements of capital to take place. It remains to be seen whether money laundering managers take advantage of these new technologies to circumvent any legislation on other traditional laundering techniques (smurfing, wire transfers, bank drafts for example). It is however, a worry to the authorities†. (International Money Laundering Information Bureau) Conclusion Money laundering may have shocking social consequences. Laundered funds furnish financial support for arms dealers, drug traffickers and other criminals to operate and expand their operations. Investigations disclose that criminals manipulate financial systems in Canada and other countries to support a broad range of illicit activities. For instance, drug trafficking alone generates millions of dollars in illicit funds for criminal organizations annually. Businesses backed by the proceeds from crime produce unfair competition and can insolvent legitimate competition in the market. Works Cited Digital Currency Business E-Gold Indicted for Money Laundering and Illegal Money http://www.usdoj.gov/opa/pr/2007/April/07_crm_301.html Accessed, June 14, 2007 Electronic Money Laundering An Environmental Scan http://ww2.ps-sp.gc.ca/publications/crim_jus/money_laundering_e.asp Accessed, June 14, 2007 Farber Dave, (08 Dec 1995), IP: Information Technology for Control of Money Laundering Information Technologies for the Control of Money Laundering http://stinet.dtic.mil/oai/oai?verb=getRecordmetadataPrefix=htmlidentifier=ADA336940 Accessed, June 14, 2007 International Money Laundering Information Bureau http://www.imlib.org/page13_future.html Accessed, June 14, 2007 Money Laundering A Preventive Guide http://www.rcmp-grc.gc.ca/poc/launder_e.htm Accessed, June 14, 2007 Money Laundering Extent of Money Laundering through Credit Cards is Unknown (July, 2002 ) Report to the Chairman, Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations, Committee on Governmental Affairs, U.S. Senate, (page 1,2) Section 508 Definitions http://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/Purchase/Section_508_def.htm Accessed, June 14, 2007 Shelley Louise (n.d.), Money Laundering, Organized Crime and Corruption

Film Analysis: South of the Border

Film Analysis: South of the Border South of the border- Film Analysis Social media has been a great influencer in this present reality. This current generation has been depending so much on the social media to the extent of believing all the things they have been reporting. Recently, a certain new report of a local station about the ‘mysterious disease’ immediately got the attention of the people. The said province in which the disease was found is Pangasinan. After a few moments, a hashtag trended, people were tremendously scared concluding that a prediction was fulfilled. This is an example of how mass media has fed informations to its audiences. Later on, they found out that it was a skin disease which can be cured. Facebook, twitter and instagram are just some of the social networking sites that communicate news and most of the Filipinos are subscribed to them. Imagine how fast these news travel just by clicking the post or tweet button. That button has been an empowerment for an ordinary person to tell the world what is happening. Soc ial media, specifically, the current news programs are the source of our knowledge regarding the current economic status of our country, current social issues which affect our country and other aspects related to the Philippines. A primary reason why Filipinos are really into social media is that they want to be updated and be a part of the hot issues. The film â€Å"South of the Border† exhibits how the mass media influenced the minds of the people. At the start of the film, newscasters are telling the audiences that a certain dictator chews coca everyday. They were pronouncing it like cocoa and considered it as a joke. They said that the leader was a drug addict. Hugo Chavez is the president of Venezuela. He won the 1997 presidential race to a Ms. Universe, in the film the race was coined the Beauty and the Beast. Even though he was imprisoned, the Venezuelan people still believed and elected for him. He aims to fight against corruption and economic inequity. He did what he can to fulfill his promises to the people of Venezuela. However, the US government announced that they are concerned about Venezuela and controlled the media, mostly private media. A businessman in Venezuela is believed to be fit for the position. Chavez claimed that the US government has 3 motives. One of which is oil. Second and third are Saddam and I raq respectively. As shown in the film, Venezuela is the third largest supplier of petroleum. A coup for Chavez was formed. The media and other known printing press have been communicating false information about Chavez. Many people died due to numerous killings. Chavez was captured and imprisoned. A new leader is seated but it is believed that he is a puppet of the US government. The prices of oil and petroleum products, as described in the film, dramatically went down. Hugo Chavez went back to his position due to the insistent public demand of his supporters even the military. The newspapers, news stations and other well-known media companies apologized for the false statements they released. The director, also the narrator and interviewer, Oliver Stone visited other countries in the Latin America. He went to Bolivia and met the president, Evo Morales. Coca leaves is different from cocaine, contrary to what the US citizens believe. Coca will be a drug if it is mixed with other chemicals. Oliver Stone even chewed a few leaves of coca. This product of Bolivia is like a stimulant similar to caffeine. Next stop is Argentina with Cristina Kirchner. In Argentina, there have been five presidents who ruled in just two weeks. She is also the only female leader among the presidents of the Latin America. Her husband, Nestor Kirchner is the ex-president of the Argentina. She shared that unemployment and poverty in Argentina is spread all over the country. his husband also shared that Bush claims that war is the answer to revitalize the economy. Fernando Lugo in Paraguay was also interviewed by Stone. He is a bishop who entered the politics. Another country that he visited is Brazil. Lula da Silva is the president of Brazil. What he wants is for them to be treated equally. He shared that Argentina and Brazil have been trading in their own currency. He also told Stone that all their debts are paid off. The second to the last country Stone visited is the Cuba ruled by Raà ºl Castro. And last but certainly not the least, Ecuador. Like what Silva said, Rafael Correa also aspires for equality. He is worried about the military base of the US in Ecuador. It is quite amusing that a filmmaker would have the courage to do things like this. He aimed to let the people know what kind of leaders these people are. Who are they, really? Are they really dictators? Are our perceptions about them true? What is the current status of each government? Stone showed their point of views regarding the media perceptions about them. The film exposes several issues regarding the conflict between Bush and the Latin American presidents. Hugo Chavez is greatly emphasized on the film. Those presidents in the south are friends. Kirchner even showed a picture of them during an inauguration. This film basically emphasizes the media’s role to what happened to these countries and their presidents. Mass media has been showing and telling a lot of audiences about what is happening in these countries. Graber (2009) claimed that mass media are â€Å"powerful guardians† to people because Americans believe that media should inform them about the current h appenings in the government. During the coup of Chavez, mass media is the main influencer to the behavior of the Venezuelans. They have been feeding the people’s minds with false information about Chavez. The New York Times even apologized for their statement during the coup. Stone described these events as ‘deeply troubling’. At one point, the US government hosted the people involved in the coup, and then they were not involved in the coup. They also stated that there was a resignation not a coup. This, for me, is entirely confusing. The first issue introduced is about the use of drugs by Chavez. The reporters told the audiences how the â€Å"dictator† chewed coca leaves from Bolivia. They referred to him as a drug addict. This is a case in which the media showed how they communicated false information. As I have mentioned in the summary above, coca is just a stimulant like caffeine. They also called Morales as â€Å"Evil Morales† during news segments or frames. These informations are fed to the minds of people. Eventually, these affect the views of people. For the lack of decipher, people will believe what newscasters say, whether truth or not. Chavez in our country is somehow like our late president and now a mayor of Manila, Joseph Estrada. He captured the minds of the people in his presidency. With a slogan of ‘Erap para sa masa’, poor people developed the like for him. They loved him for being concern with the poor. He gave them hope. But after being impeached on the second People Power Revolution, he still won the mayoral election in Manila. Why is this happening? Are we even looking back in the past? I think these are because of our power to speak; the freedom we have empowers us to create our own version of the truth. But this is absurd; each and every one of us deserves and has the right to know the truth, the real truth. We need to decipher whether the media are telling the truth or they are hiding something from us. Another issue present in the film was about the global capitalism. As stated by Robinson (2008), â€Å"The US state is the key instrument of the global capitalist system reproducing, or seeking to reproduce, the global capitalist system and defend the interests of global capital over national capital, and over the globally repressed and exploited sectors and those that would oppose the global capital system† (p. 9). The price of petroleum in Venezuela is relatively high during the time of Chavez but went down after he was imprisoned. This is the primary motive why they hated Chavez. The Bush administration wanted the oil residue in Venezuela since it is a major source of some of their refineries. The lowering of prices in Venezuela will give way to global capitalists. They will import low prices for petroleum which is definitely good for them, obviously. Another controversy is in Bolivia wherein they prevent people from getting water from rain. The water prices are expensive a nd the monopoly of water is getting concerned about people getting water for free. These are just some of the examples of the growing capitalism in this world. We are surrounded with capitalists aiming for the betterment of their business, some, not considering the fact about poverty and other social issues. In the Philippines, Meralco and Maynilad are some examples of monopolists. Recently, there is an issue regarding the increase of prices in the power supply. Many people are complaining about the current increase. Capitalists’ main goal is to have profits and to increase their wealth. The president of Argentina, Kirchner also the former first lady, is the only female person interviewed among the Southern American continent. She claimed that women are always asked about their clothes, jewelries and other things but men are never asked about the same things. Well, media is one of the reasons why we have this notion about women. Sometimes, they show unrealistic and wrong view of women in the society. Women are always described and shown as fashionable, bossy, pushy and extravagant. Men are never like that. In sociology, this is a feminist view. In this certain part inequality arises. Another reason is that maybe because we live in a patriarchal type of community. This gender inequality must be put to a stop. As a woman, this inequality reflects the current perception of people on women. Social media and mass media itself is pervasive enough to affect and influenced the views of people regarding women and their function in the society. The president of Brazil told Stone in his interview that they were worthless; Americans are worthy same with the Europeans but not them. The Marxist view of Sociology shows that there are two classes the oppressed and the oppressor. In this case the oppressed is the Latin America. There is inequality between them. Lula just wants to be treated equally as the United States. There is a growing gap between the US government and the Latin American government. As I view the role of social media or mass media to influencing the views of people to the presidents of the South America, I wondered if the mass media in our country behaves like them. Are our local networks and print media controlled by our government? Are they somehow feeding us false statements regarding the social issues? Do they have biases on the social issues present in this country? These questions are running on my mind right now. According to Gitlin (2003), people are pressed to depend on media too much to bear with the change in this world. My fellow Filipinos are consistently watching news, listening to radio programs and opening their social networking sites accounts. Due to that, they are being updated every hour of the day. The media always create a notion about everything. This information is being fed to us and then creates a so-called truth. The media can also fool and confuse our minds just by showing us ads and commercials. We are now trapped in a world which is shaped by the media. And we are living in a world full of lies, though I am not saying that all that we know are lies. But generally speaking, the media has contributed a lot of benchmarks and notions in our world. They can manipulate our minds. You can fool some of the people all of the time or all of the people part of the time, but you cant fool all of the people all of the time. -Fidel Castro. References: Gitlin, T. (2003). The Whole World is Watching: Mass Media in the Making Unmaking of the New Left. California, United States of America: University of California Press. Graber, D. A. (2009). Mass Media and American Politics (8th ed.). United States of America: SAGE. (Original work published 1980). Haris III, W. E. (2010, October 6). South of the border documentary film review. Retrieved from http://axisoflogic.com/artman/publish/Article_61299.shtml Reuters (2007, October 28). Fidel Castro pokes fun at George W. Bush. Retrieved from http://www.reuters.com/article/2007/10/28/us-cuba-castro-idUSN2843263920071028 Robinson, W. (2008). Understanding global capitalism. The development round table series, 1-26.

Percy Shelley and His Use of Romantic Elements Essay -- Literary Analy

Romanticism, an intellectual and cultural movement during the late 18th to 19th century that followed the Age of Enlightenment, could be described as a rebellion against the social and political norms of the aristocratic society. Merriam-Webster defines Romanticism as â€Å"a literary, artistic, and philosophical movement originating in the 18th century, characterized chiefly by a reaction against neoclassicism and an emphasis on the imagination and emotions (Romanticism)†. Historians oftentimes have reflected upon the conscious rejection of conventional societal manners as a characteristic of young poets (Spielvogel 657). Contrary to the rationalistic approach to thought that was typical of the Age of Enlightenment, Romantic literature focused upon human emotion, freedom of thought, individualism, self-reflection and the adoration of the ordinary. Romantic poetry also served as a way to express one of the foremost â€Å"characteristics of Romanticism: love of natureâ₠¬  (Spielvogel 658.) Intuition, free expression of emotion and thought, a return to the sacramental connection with nature and the belief in the goodness of humankind were all critical elements within much of the literature of this time. Percy Bysshe Shelley, a classic example of a Romantic poet, contributed immensely to the legacy of Romanticism. Critical writer Tel Asiado states, â€Å"[h]is poems over flow with intense emotional and radical ideas† (Asiado). During Shelley’s life, he composed many impressive works of poetry that were characterized by the freedom of thought, human emotion, individualism, reflection on the past, thoughts on humanity and dynamic power of nature. Although Matthew Arnold labeled him an "ineffectual angel," 20th-century critics have taken Shelley s... ...tions of Literature. Port Washington, NY: Kennikat, 1965. Print. Hesse, Hermann, Egon Schwarz, and Ingrid Fry. Siddhartha, Demian, and Other Writings. New York: Continuum, 1992. Print. Mazzeno, Laurence W. "Ode To The West Wind." Masterplots II: Poetry, Revised Edition (2002): 1-2. MagillOnLiterature Plus. Web. 21 Apr. 2012. McLean, John L. "Percy Bysshe Shelley." Magill’S Survey Of World Literature, Revised Edition (2009): 1-7. MagillOnLiterature Plus. Web. 21 Apr. 2012. "Note On Poems Of 1818, By Mrs. Shelley." [Notes...by Mary Shelley]. Web. 17 Apr. 2012. . Raymer, John. "Ode To The West Wind." Masterplots, Fourth Edition (2010): 1-2. MagillOnLiterature Plus. Web. 12 Apr. 2012. Spielvogel, Jackson J. Western Civilization: A Brief History, Volume 2. Seventh ed. Vol. 2. Boston: Cengage Learning, 2010. Print.

Vitamin C Practical Experiment Write Up

Based on knowledge already at hand, My hypothesis will be that freshly squeezed juice will contain more vitamin C compared to juices that are from concentrate and that juice from lemons will contain more vitamin C due to their acidity. Variables; Variables such as temperature could affect the results that are collected, as much as can be done to control the temperature to make the results accurate will be done, holding samples with hands can increase the temperature slightly so they will be handled by the lip of the vial and placed into a rack. When testing samples multiple times I will ensure that the equipment cleaned and dried or if possible new as the pH of water might affect the reaction of DCPIP and ascorbic acid, water can also affect the results depending on whether it is ‘hard water' or ‘soft water', hard water contains more mineral and more chlorine is present. Measuring will be as close to as possible accurate, this will include re-measuring samples. I will be measuring the amount of juice sample solution it takes to decolourise 1cm of DCPIP, first I will use a controlled sample of 1% vitamin C to decolourise the DCPIP, and with this I can compare results from the other juice samples. The measurements will be taken with a pipette and released into the DCPIP 1ml at a time, each time 1ml is released it will be shaken to allow a fair mix of solution, and this will be repeated on till decolourisation. Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid) has a pH of under 4-5 when diluted with water DCPIP, 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol, which is a dye used to monitor light reaction in photosynthesis Apparatus & Chemicals; Pipette Fruit Juice Samples DCPIP 1% Solution Test tubes Test tube rack Burette (Possibly) Glass Rod (Possibly) I have decided to use test tubes because they provide a clear sight into the experiment at hand, they are also smaller then Pyrex beakers which would spread the solution over a large surface where as a test tube would make it easier to establish decolourisation. Pipettes are a fast way to measure the solution with a limited amount of time, it is a suitable and vital piece of apparatus however there might be a probably with used pipettes as they can have dents from previous experiments and would only be accurate to around 0.0ml-0.2ml when measuring solutions. A burette would allow an accurate measure of how much solution has been added into the DCPIP, probably a greater accuracy then using a pipette. A glass rod would allow a fair mixing of the solution but the effects on the results are unknown. Safety; Take care of glassware. Sanitise experimental area after. Wear eye protection at all times.. Care when handling juice samples or chemicals as they may stain. Do not drink juice samples as dangerous chemicals may be present after experimentation. Pre-Experiment Method; The method I will be conducting is simple. I will measure 1% DCPIP 1cm(3) from a beaker to a pipette, with another pipette I will add the 1% vitamin C solution which is the control of the experiment 1cm(3) at a time to a test tube, each time 1cm(3) is added, I will gently stir the test tube to make sure then the reaction takes place. I will repeat this on till the DCPIP solution is decolourised. To get a fair and accurate result I will repeat this 3 times and then average the results. Outliers will be excluded to keep the test accurate. The samples will be kept in a test tube rack to compare different colours. The next juice two sample will be tested with the same amount of DCPIP, first placed into a test tube via pipette then another unused Pipette will extract the juice sample and will be added into the DCPIP 1ml at a time then stirred gently and this will continue on till the DCPIP is decolourised. The time allocated during this experiment is 1/2 hour. Accuracy could be improved but due to this some apparatus and time will be put aside in order to complete the experiment There are some ethical issues with testing these chemicals and releasing them into the sewer as they are not helpful to the environment due to their pH, care will be taken so that any DCPIP and Vitamin C is not wasted and only what is needed is used. Results; Once all of the data was collected, It was input into the table below, It shows the amount of juice required to decolourise the DCPIP, 3 tests were conducted and from that you can then work out the average with a formula to get the average, the average can be used to conclude a fair result from all 3 of the trials. Vol. Of Juice Required to Decolourise 1cm(3) of 1% DCPIP Test 1 Test 2 Test 3 Average Vitamin C. Content Vitamin C Solution 6ml 7ml 9ml 7.3ml 0.13g Pure Orange Juice 14ml 15ml 18ml 15.6ml 0.06g Jiff 5.5ml 5ml 6ml 5.5ml 0.18g These results show that the juice sample that contains the most Vitamin C was the Jiff, with an average of 5.5ml to turn the DCPIP decolourised compared to the 15.6ml of pure orange Juice. The Vitamin C. Solution took 7.3ml to decolourise the DCPIP which was 1.8ml more than Jiff, This suggests to me that Jiff contains less water than the Vitamin C. 1% Solution did. With the average, I then calculated the Content of Vitamin C in each of the samples by Dividing them by the 1ml of 1% DCPIP Solution which gave the sum then converted to grams. These results prove my hypothesis in that freshly squeezed fruit will contain more vitamin C, this is because it will not have been watered down by manufacturers for a higher quantity. The results also prove my hypothesis is right that lemons contain more Vitamin C. Due to their acidity which is the sign of ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) and their low pH levels. This line graph shows the plot of the tests carried out. From this we can see that for pure orange juice and Vitamin C samples that there is a steady rise from test 1 to test 3, this could be due to a number of factors that I will include in my limitations, However the Jiff tests shows to be accurate and consistent from test 1 to test 3. There is a 4ml difference from test 1 to test 3 in the pure orange juice tests. There is a 2ml difference from test 1 to test 2 in the Vitamin C 1% Solution Test. This graph also shows standard deviation, from the bars we can see the average of the test, it measures the spread of data from the mean. The results conclude that the deviation is a Low standard deviation because the valves are not spread out so much. The equation for the standard deviation used is; The graph shows that on all samples tested, Post-Experiment Method, Limitations and Variables; As planned the measurements of the juice solutions were accurately measured and did not obscure sight in the pipette, However the DCPIP was to a degree harder to measure due to the darkness of the solution, it covered the pipette in a dark blue colour and was hard to tell where and how much solution was being measured. The experiment took slightly longer due to this as I had to wait for the solution to settle into the solution. As this was the first time carrying out an experiment like this, it was unknown that the 1% Vitamin C solution Control would turn into a brown colour when decolourised, Although this happened I still recorded the results and then continue to see if any difference would appear but after 5 minutes of no change they were placed into a test tube rack to be observed later on and compared with the other trials, the result was that they did turn brown and that was expected to be the end of the trial. The Pure Orange Juice also produced different than expected appearance, the solution did decolourise the solution but it turned to a yellow colour which was the original of the juice sample. One problem that I was faced with was the limited amount of apparatus, I ended up having to clean them with tap water, they were dried but to a certain extent, the pH of the water could affect the experiments outcome, however all the of solutions would have had some water in them so this shouldn't affect the results in a significant way. Post-Experiment Method, Limitations and Variables-Continued; Other problem in the experiment that I later picked up on from observation was that the DCPIP and Juice solutions' were left open meaning that oxidation could affect the results which is a loss of electrons and a gain in hydrogen, this will cause the DCPIP to turn blue again, as Vitamin C is a reducing agent it adds electrons therefore its used in this experiment because it will change colour. The limitation of this experiment is that it was only repeated three times due to the amount of time available, more results would have given better accuracy in results and given me the chance to spot outliers in the experiment. We also do not know if Vitamin C is lost during ageing or through heat treatment which often products go through to ensure that it's free from harmful bacteria. One improvement that could be made to the experiment is the equipment, having a larger choice to use from, and enough so that other factors like water don't come into play. One modification that could used is that now we know that after a certain colour in the process of decolourisation we know that the trial is finished therefore saving us time for something else. Another Improvement is to be more careful with the juice samples and to keep them contained so that they are not affected by the elements. Summary; In this experiment, I learned that freshly squeezed orange juice will contain more vitamin C then juices from concentrate and that lemon contain more vitamin C then oranges. The experiment carried out was to measure the content of Vitamin C in the selected fruit samples, from the results I can conclude that the results were accurate, reliable and precise therefore allowing me to state this conclusion and to prove my hypothesis right!

Arthur Millers use of the stage directions Essay Example

Arthur Millers use of the stage directions Essay Example Arthur Millers use of the stage directions Paper Arthur Millers use of the stage directions Paper Explore Arthur Millers use of the stage directions in Act 1 of The Crucible to create drama and inform the audience about the nature of the society in Salem The Crucible is a play written in the early 1950s based on the truth of the accusations and trials of witchcraft in Salem around 1692. The main story line of the Crucible concentrates on a group of girls who are believed to have had an encounter with witchcraft. People of Salem were unable to find any evidence of medical illness, which these days we may class as psychosomatic, so they had no other option but to blame the dramatic change of behaviour of these girls on the Devil or Satan. This led to trials and convictions, hanging and jail sentences. Miller used real data and facts, from past convictions and court records to create characters based on the actual events. He admits however that very little was known of the characters; They may therefore be taken as creations of my own, drawn to the best of my ability in conformity with their known behaviour. In The Crucible, Arthur Miller uses drama to capture the audience in an exciting play based on witchcraft and lies. Although history tells us that the events and the people were real, he develops and manipulates the facts and characters to suit his interpretation of events. Miller uses stage directions to set the scene; he describes the tone of voice as being either loud or quiet to reflect the characters personality or emotion, such as calm, despair, anger, fear etc. Miller is able to manipulate the audience by setting these scenes giving the story a highly charged emotional feel to it. The sets and costumes are used to depict the 1600s and the attitudes and beliefs of the Puritans. Miller leads us to believe with his descriptions that this was a simple life style and any type of luxuries would be seen as sinful. The direction is excellent in the way it describes the characters tone of voice, the screaming, the shouting and the rising panic as the story progresses. To fully understand the story, it is important to have knowledge of the social and historical context.

Talk Shows in Society Essays - Television, The Jenny Jones Show

Talk Shows in Society.txt Essays - Television, The Jenny Jones Show Talk Shows in Society As a teenager in a present day society the media helps form the reality of the scene expressed by teens today. Television shows such as Talk Shows, that are watched by me frequently have persuaded me in making many of my judgments and dissuasions. As I lay back with my remote control browsing through the channels. I come across at least six-seven Talk Shows within an hour. Talk Shows in the world of television, have undoubtedly taken up almost every inch of space on daytime television, and while doing so has caused much controversy. In the nineteen eighties, soap operas and game shows ruled the daytime airwaves, but the nineties are definitely the decade of the talk shows. The craze of talk shows all seemed to start with the originals such as Geraldo Riveria, Donahue and Sally Jesse Rafael (now called Sally) In fact, many of their original topics are still being used in todays talk shows, but with a different style and format. Some of the talk shows on the air today, such as the Oprah Winfrey Show and the Montel Wiliams Show are focused on improvement of society and the quality of life. They focus on topics such as children, the workplace, everyday life and sometimes have interviews with respectable celebrities. You can catch shows with titles such as Teaching Your Children Responsibly, or How to Manage Your Work Week. These shows actually educate people and teach the child right from wrong. They also have shows exposing things such as child or spousal abuse and make people aware of these dangers. People even fe el a special attachment to their favorite talk show hosts and talk about them as if they know them. Even the so - called trash talk shows such as the Jerry Springer Show, have their upsides. Jerry once did a show featuring David Duke, a former KKK clansman who was presently running for senate. Jerry claims his constant shows on the clan is to let people know about racism. Although he actually did it for publicity, I think that Jerry Springer actually did help us by exposing this man for what he was. Jerrys rebuttal to his bad wrap is that he is helping these people get the attention they need by letting them be on his show, and helping to avoid them trying to get it elsewhere. By watching shows like these people can see and understand things that they probably wouldnt witness in their everyday life. Then there are the shows that arent quite trash, but are not exactly educational either such as the Jenny Jones Show, or the Ricki Lake Show. These shows are good for a laugh and are lighthearted and not as drastically honorable as the the Opera Winfrey Show, or as blatant as the Jerry Springer show. The problem most people have with talk shows it that they exploit peoples lives for everyone to see. While flipping through all the channels you are bound to see titles such as sex, adultery hate and drugs, whether it is on the news or soap operas. The reason that talk shows take the most heat for this is because it is not an allusion; it is an hour of analyzing these issues. Also, any child or adolescent that sees these things may think it is normal to lead this kind of lifestyle. It is very confusing for a child to have been taught their moral values and than turn on the TV and see people openly taking on shows titled Teenage Prostitutes and Pregnant strippers. And imagine how a thirte en-year-old must feel when she/he watches a show about other thirteen years olds, but these teens have already had twelve sexual partners, and their parents condone it! Besides all the problems for the public viewers, the people that actually go on the show are often tricked, or not told what the show is about. Only a few years ago a man named Schmitz was brought on the Jenny Jones Show for a show entitled I Have a Secret Crush on You. Needless to say he was thoroughly upset when another man, Amedure, came out to greet him on public television. Shortly

Power Generation from Radio Wave Technology

Power Generation from Radio Wave Technology Introduction Radio wave technology is the use of airwaves in transmitting and receiving information. It is the foundation of most of our communication in the present day. Radio waves fall under the group of waves termed electromagnetic radiation, which travel at the speed of light (3108 m/s).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Power Generation from Radio Wave Technology specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These types of waves (including light, infrared, microwaves and x-rays) are classified based on their wavelengths and frequencies. The frequencies of radio waves lie between 300GHz to 3 kHz with wavelengths of 1mm to 100km. Some of the communication equipments that use radio waves include satellite dishes, radar, radios, television, mobile phones and wireless internet. The use of radio waves for powering electronic devices had not been exploited due to the nature of waves to weaken and dissipate as they spread du e to their interaction with other waves and matter. Recently, a growing interest in alternative sources of energy that could provide efficient power in remote and sensitive locations has led to research into radio wave power generation. This paper looks at the history of radio waves and how power can be generated from them and how it can be applied in electronic devices. History and growth of radio wave technology The history of radio waves as medium for transmitting information started way back in the 1860s when James Clerk Maxwell, a physicist from Scotland, envisaged the existence of the waves. His prediction was enhanced in 1886 by Heinrich Rudolph Hertz, a German physicist, who went a notch further to show how variation of electric current could be sent into space as radio waves (Bellis 3). He was able to generate and compute the first waves by using an oscillator for transmitting the waves and a metal loop for detecting them (Parker 3). In 1895 Guglielmo Marconi, from Italy, s ent a radio signal over a distance of 100m and received it. He used crafted antenna, transmitter, and condenser and had connections on the ground that could receive the signals. He also sent a wireless signal across the English Channel in 1899(Bellis 5), a distance of 3.5 miles. In addition, Nikola Tesla helped in developing and enhancing wireless radio transmitters.Advertising Looking for research paper on natural sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Ships started using wireless telegraphy for sending distress calls while at sea. In 1899, the U.S Army adopted the wireless system and in 1901, the Navy also adopted the system. Lee Deforest invented the space telegraph in the early 1900s where amplifiers were used to strengthen weak signals (Bellis 12). Marconi was able to transmit voice in 1914 over a distance of 50 miles (Bellis 12). Over time, many people aided in developing and enhancing radio wave communicati on and today we have 4G technologies that send information at very high speeds, besides audio and video streaming. Power generation using radio waves Electromagnetic radiation and photons Electromagnetic waves can be said to have an atomic structure and can either generate or expend energy (â€Å"Electromagnetic waves† par. 7). The electromagnetic radiation, in quantum terms, is said to have photons transporting energy (Joules). A single photon has energy equal to hf. h is Planck’s constant =6.62610-34 J s and f =frequency of photon v is the velocity of light= 3108 m/s and ÃŽ » =wavelength of photonAdvertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Power Generation from Radio Wave Technology specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Collection of radio waves energy Radio wave energy can be collected and harnessed using various equipments and components. The generation circuit has components such as antenna, capacitors , diodes, transistors, inductors and resistors. The antenna is used for receiving the electromagnetic signal. This signal received is then rectified. The rectifying circuit is made of diodes. Once the signal has been rectified, it is boosted before being stored in capacitors. The power stored is used to drive a load or resistor via a switching circuit. Figure 1: Block diagram for ground circuit for capturing radio waves Figure 2: Circuit diagram for capturing and generating power from radio waves MOS transistors are used for switching or controlling the stored power to the load. The source of the MOSFET (for switching) is connected to the storage capacitor with the drain connected to the load. The link between the capacitor and load is created when the voltage of the stored charge is equivalent to the sum of the threshold voltages of both MOSFETs (Ishida et al. 4). Potential of radio wave harvesting Radio wave energy can be efficiently and sufficiently harvested if various facto rs are considered. These are:Advertising Looking for research paper on natural sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Using powerful receivers which detect a wide range of frequencies as well as arresting a high concentration of the wasted waves Ensuring energy is obtained at low power density from sensors located far-off from the source for energy obtained varies inversely with distance (1/d2) Ensuring the voltage generated from the source is greater than 0.3V (1 milliwatt) for satisfactory conversion of all incoming wave Using high quality circuits and transistors Applications of the power generated using radio waves Power generated by radio waves is quite small ranging from a few microwatts to hundreds of milliwatts. The power generated can be used in devices such as: LED monitor lights Sensors LCD display thermometer Implants in the biomedical field Charging the battery for cell phones Safety hard hat Possibility of radio waves technology replacing batteries Nowadays, there is a high requirement for efficient energy sources. Furthermore, the sources should be mobile and flexible. Batteries are usually bulky, require regular maintenance and have a limited life and as such require constant replacement. With the rapid advancement in technology where electronic gadgets and devices are continually made smaller and efficient, their energy requirements have decreased over time. Proper harnessing of radio wave energy could provide an alternative source of energy for powering small electrical devices such as sensors. This is through capturing the electricity produced by the radio waves and is depended on how far the transmitter is and the magnitude of the power generated by the transmitter. The power that can be harnessed from these waves is in the range of microwatts to milliwatts which can be sufficient for powering the devices especially in remote locations. Thus, there is a possibility of radio waves technology replacing batteries. Conclusion and personal thought about radio wave technology application in future Energy harnessed from wasted radio waves is small. This energ y may not be adequate to power large electronic devices but technology has been changing very rapidly in the recent years. Many companies are developing gadgets that are very small, thus requiring less power. For example, the mobile phone industry has seen a reduction in the size of the phones but with more installed phone features and applications. Nokia has come up with a harvesting device embedded in a cell phone. This device is able to charge the phone’s battery (Dixon 3). This means that in the future, many miniature gadgets will have been developed which will totally rely on radio frequency energy. Furthermore, radio wave energy will provide a reliable source of energy since the use of cell phones, television, radios and other communication devices is on the rise. Bellis, Mary. The Invention of Radio. 2012. Web. http://inventors.about.com/od/rstartinventions/a/radio.htm. Dixon, Bryn. Radio Frequency Energy Harvesting. 2010. Web. http://rfenergyharvesting.com/. Electrom agnetic Waves. 2010. PDF file. 13 Nov. 2012. geo.mtu.edu/~scarn/teaching/GE4250/EM_wave_lecture.pdf. Ishida, Makoto, Kazuaki Sawada, Hidekuni Takao, and Minoru Sudo. Power Generation Circuit using Electromagnetic Wave. 7 Jun. 2011. Web. https://www.google.com/patents?id=1e3mAQAAEBAJprintsec=abstractzoom=4#v=onepageqf=true. Parker, Bev. The History of Radio. n.d. Web. localhistory.scit.wlv.ac.uk/Museum/Engineering/Electronics/history/radiohistory.htm.

Outline the reasons for the increase in global tourism. Discuss the Essay

Outline the reasons for the increase in global tourism. Discuss the long-term effects of tourism on an emerging economy - Essay Example 1). It is worth noting that global tourism is on the increase and has resulted in many economic benefits to the countries involved. This paper is therefore going to look at the increase in global tourism and the long-term effects of tourism on an emerging economy. Reasons for the increase in global tourism There are several reasons that have led to the massive increase in global tourism over the past few years, and Barnes (2008) has pointed out some of the reasons which we are going to look at. 1. Cheap air travel and package tours. Air travel being made cheap by several airline companies has encouraged many people to travel as tourists to the destinations of their choice. This is mainly because they can now afford to pay for their airfares, and this is contrary to what was happening in the past when air travel was mainly for the very rich in the society. Further encouraging the growth of global tourism is the introduction of very attractive package tours. For example, things such as discounts for certain periods of stay or in certain seasons have seen people take advantage of them. Similarly, countries which offer tourist destinations have lowered charges to a reasonable level, and this has had the effect of encouraging tourists to visit those destinations. Just like any other product or service with a lowered price attracts buyers in plenty, tourism also increases when the cost of travel, accommodation, and gate charges at various destinations are reduced. 2. Rising income Increasing income of the people in several places in the world has led to the growth in global tourism because these people can now afford the travel and other expenses related to tourism. Rising income is a factor that is attributed to the economic growth, and it means that people have money to spend, and may choose to spend it by touring places of their choice. People whose income has increased have extra money that they may use in leisure activities, with tourism being a leisure activity for those who can afford it. 3. Advent of internet Computers, the Internet and its associated technologies have made a lot of things easier including tourism. Efficiency, cost and time saving are some of the advantages brought about by this kind of technology, and this has had a tremendous impact on tourism. Booking flight is now done online by many people and has proved to be a very quick and effective method of booking. This is because it saves time and money and enables one to avoid the inconvenience involved in getting to a booking office. All is done at the comfort of the home. Also one can make hotel bookings in the destination country via the Internet, which bring costs and inconveniences down. For example, one makes an online booking in order to be guaranteed accommodation once he/she lands in the destination country. Via online bookings, one can also hire a travel car, do research on a particular country of destination to know about its offers and a whole lot of things, an d this is done while seated at home or in the office. 4. Easy visa access According to World Tourism Council (WTC) and World Travel Tourism Council (WTTC) (2012), minimal steps towards visa facilitation can lead to huge economic benefits as a result of increased tourism demand and spending. When countries relax restrictions on visa issuance, then the effect is that people travel a lot and this takes place, and it

Happiness Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Happiness - Research Paper Example In addition, the modern world fills our heads full of numerous distractions, many of which claim happiness can only be achieved after one has accomplished this material good or that status in life. In America, for example, people learn that happiness is what occurs when we have finally managed to claim ownership of a luxury car, a fine house and a stunning wardrobe to show off the tremendous body we’ve maintained, perhaps with the help of a personal trainer or skilled plastic surgeon. â€Å"To fulfill their dreams, Americans claim they need an annual income of $102,000† (Myers, 2000). According to Bolt (2004) and others, almost three-quarters of college freshmen feel being ‘very well-off financially’ to be a ‘very important’ or ‘essential’ goal in life (Bolt, 2004: 124). Other studies seem to indicate that our concept of happiness continues to change through life, so that what might have made us happy in the past will likely lose i ts ability to make us happy in the future (Diener & Diener, 2009). Although definitions of happiness and how to attain it may shift over time, research seems to link gaining happiness very strongly with the concept of adhering to a strongly identified sense of moral behavior. Within this discussion, it is important to understand that the concept of moral behavior as it is considered by philosophers does not merely constitute a choice between right and wrong behavior. The term â€Å"morality† is defined as a â€Å"moral quality or character; rightness or wrongness, as of an action† (Neufeldt & Goralnik, 1994: 882) and it is closely associated with the term â€Å"ethics† which is â€Å"the study of standards of conduct and moral judgment.† Even this much of an explanation is unclear, though, as terms such as â€Å"standards of conduct,† â€Å"moral judgment† and â€Å"moral character† have yet to be defined on a concrete level. These terms are potentially defined differently depending upon

Why patient satisfaction is important economically Essay

Why patient satisfaction is important economically - Essay Example The first objective is to come up with data of patient’s perspective of care that will help obtain what is important to the customers. The second objective is to create report that will help hospitals improve their service care. The third objective is to come up with public report to enhance accountability, transparency and quality of care out of the public investment made. It is therefore clear that there is indeed an attempt to improve or achieve patient satisfaction in health care. It is therefore essential to understand that in health care, it is not just important to consider generation of profit, but from an economic perspective patient satisfaction should be above all. Patients: Sources of health care providers’ income Patients are the ones who are served by various health care providers. Patients help the latter to generate their income. Thus, there are various economic incentives that help to achieve or generate user satisfaction. One of these incentives is on quality of professional life that tries to encourage physicians to realize their burden for their patients. However, this move is said to only increase the expectations of health care professionals to long for strong structure of management support that may only end up giving negative impact on the user’s satisfaction (Badia et al., 2007).

Literary analysis of the play The Glass Menagerie by Tennessee Essay - 1

Literary analysis of the play The Glass Menagerie by Tennessee Williams - Essay Example Toms expresses his frustrations through his drinking and attending the movies in the evenings in addition to writing and reading poetry at work. A good amount of the play centers on Laura, however. She is tremendously shy, to some extent due to her crippling disease (pleurosis). She wore a brace on her leg and walked with a limp spending a lot of her time fantasizing about her glass menagerie. One of the central concepts this story clearly projects is the notion that the memories of our youth influence our fantasies of the present which in turn protect us from the realities of the present. Tom explicitly affirms that this is memory play in his first words, the first words of the play: â€Å"The play is a memory† (I, 145). To promote that effect, Williams continues to permit Tom to detach himself out from the play from every so often to narrate particular events or ideas, bring the audience up to speed on what has occurred in the period between two of the scenes or make other remarks. In reciting how the impression of memory is achieved, Richard Vowles (1958) describes its dreamlike characteristics, â€Å"One scene dissolves into another. There is, indeed, almost a submarine quality about the play, the kind of poetic slow motion that becomes ballet and a breathless repression of feeling that belongs to everyone but Amanda† (54). Williams illustrates the way memory has functioned to form Tom’s impression of life, never allowing him the escape he sought after through the merchant marine by sustaining the concept that almost the entire play is a Tomâ €™s memory in clear focus by means of this otherworldly light. Laura lives in possibly the most evident life of illusion as she drifts through her existence ostensibly in a cloud of detachment. She connects classical music with a happier time in her life while she connects her time in school with the ‘thunder’ of her leg brace while she struggles into her music room. She â€Å"takes refuge in

GYN URI Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

GYN URI - Essay Example Getting off the Depo might decrease patient risk for OP in the future. Nexplanon is hormones- releasing birth control implement does not need daily taken or monthly injection placed under skin for long-acting methods http://www.nexplanon-usa.com/en/consumer/about-it/what-is-nexplanon/index.asp Furthermore, clinicians should educate the patient about LARCs.  Paragards are great in terms of length of efficacy. According to Hatcher et all (2007) in  Contraceptive Technology, women who experience irregular/heavy bleeding are significantly more likely to discontinue use of the IUD (p. 139), stating that 1 month follow up after insertion and use of NSAIDS can help reduce bleeding and rates of discontinuation.   So let us throw in the ACA and women access to contraceptive choices. These federal changes will include MAJOR changes in previously unavailable methods of birth control for the under or uninsured. I am going to refer to the ACNMs most recent survey, and now being heavily disseminated to media outlets, on womens perceptions of contraceptive choices. This is IMPORTANT for you to know, most women are unaware of the most effective methods, and many were previously not insured to receive LARC. http://ourmomentoftruth.midwife.org/OMOT-Contraception-and-Family-Planning. To learn MORE about ACA implantation. Depo-Provera use is not recommended for more than 2 years due to its effect on bone mineral density (BMD) loss in women. â€Å"On average women who used Depo have a BMD similar to non- users within two to three years after stopping the shots† (Flinn, 2011). Flinn indicates that the recovery of bone mass density is relative to the length of time a women used the Depo injections. Women who used Depo longer than a year were noted to take as long as 7 years before returning to their original BMD levels. Patient is at risk for osteoporosis due to age, race, and ethnicity. The clinician should make

Forms and Substance Dualism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Forms and Substance Dualism - Essay Example If, conversely, dualism can be convincingly maintained, then our evidence obtained from studies of the brain would simply not suffice in gaining any form of insight into the human mind. Dualism is a logical necessity: sustained as a question that does not need to be answered as it can be fulfilled a priori, owing to the fact that humans have the ability to seek introspection regularly. (Almog, 129-34) Indeed, we experience the separation between our body and mind, which would support the notion that they are separate entities and empirical evidence is not required to prove such a concept. However, this does not mean that dualistic theory is foolproof: for example, can our experience be enough to prove such a concept Indeed, many philosophers are not in favor of dualistic ontology. The first classical representation of dualism can be recognized in Plato's work; more specifically originating in The Phaedo. Interestingly, in dualism, 'mind' is contrasted with 'body', but in different historical periods, different aspects of the mind have been the center of attention. For example, in the classical period it was the intellect of the mind, which was considered to be the crux of what separated us from the physical. However, from Descartes onwards, the opposition to materialism came from our apparent 'consciousness' and experience of 'sensation'. The emphasis on intellect is certainly echoed in Plato's work: as he believed (as did many other Greeks) that the body was a prison for the intellectual soul. Indeed Plato believed that the true substances are not physical bodies, which are ephemeral, but the eternal Forms of which bodies are imperfect copies. He came up with the idea of a realm of "Forms" and said that intellect was immaterial, for it does not last you, the refore Forms are immaterial, and thus intellect must link to those that it apprehends. He then continued to say that such a link forced the soul to want to leave the body to enter a realm of Forms. In his later writings, The Republic, Plato furthered his ideas on Forms and the soul; he claimed that not only was the soul the true form but belonged to a higher status within reality than the body did, and that the soul was a separate, immortal substance. Plato's study of dualism in The Phaedo was indeed complex, and more a metaphysical study regarding the imprisoned soul. However, it can be seen, especially amongst his writings in The Republic, that Plato was clear on his belief that the body and soul were separate entities, forming the base for philosophical extensions in more recent times. Continuing from Plato, St Thomas Aquinas extended earlier works on dualism in his endeavor to unite philosophy with proof of God. Aquinas agreed with the Aristotelian notion that when the soul entered the body it animated it and gave it life; calling it anima. Moreover according to Aquinas, the soul operates independently of the body and it cannot decay; for only things that can break into parts can decay, Thus, following Aquinas' argument, the soul is able to survive death. He also said that through

Literary analysis of the play The Glass Menagerie by Tennessee Essay - 1

Literary analysis of the play The Glass Menagerie by Tennessee Williams - Essay Example Toms expresses his frustrations through his drinking and attending the movies in the evenings in addition to writing and reading poetry at work. A good amount of the play centers on Laura, however. She is tremendously shy, to some extent due to her crippling disease (pleurosis). She wore a brace on her leg and walked with a limp spending a lot of her time fantasizing about her glass menagerie. One of the central concepts this story clearly projects is the notion that the memories of our youth influence our fantasies of the present which in turn protect us from the realities of the present. Tom explicitly affirms that this is memory play in his first words, the first words of the play: â€Å"The play is a memory† (I, 145). To promote that effect, Williams continues to permit Tom to detach himself out from the play from every so often to narrate particular events or ideas, bring the audience up to speed on what has occurred in the period between two of the scenes or make other remarks. In reciting how the impression of memory is achieved, Richard Vowles (1958) describes its dreamlike characteristics, â€Å"One scene dissolves into another. There is, indeed, almost a submarine quality about the play, the kind of poetic slow motion that becomes ballet and a breathless repression of feeling that belongs to everyone but Amanda† (54). Williams illustrates the way memory has functioned to form Tom’s impression of life, never allowing him the escape he sought after through the merchant marine by sustaining the concept that almost the entire play is a Tomâ €™s memory in clear focus by means of this otherworldly light. Laura lives in possibly the most evident life of illusion as she drifts through her existence ostensibly in a cloud of detachment. She connects classical music with a happier time in her life while she connects her time in school with the ‘thunder’ of her leg brace while she struggles into her music room. She â€Å"takes refuge in

Forms and Substance Dualism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Forms and Substance Dualism - Essay Example If, conversely, dualism can be convincingly maintained, then our evidence obtained from studies of the brain would simply not suffice in gaining any form of insight into the human mind. Dualism is a logical necessity: sustained as a question that does not need to be answered as it can be fulfilled a priori, owing to the fact that humans have the ability to seek introspection regularly. (Almog, 129-34) Indeed, we experience the separation between our body and mind, which would support the notion that they are separate entities and empirical evidence is not required to prove such a concept. However, this does not mean that dualistic theory is foolproof: for example, can our experience be enough to prove such a concept Indeed, many philosophers are not in favor of dualistic ontology. The first classical representation of dualism can be recognized in Plato's work; more specifically originating in The Phaedo. Interestingly, in dualism, 'mind' is contrasted with 'body', but in different historical periods, different aspects of the mind have been the center of attention. For example, in the classical period it was the intellect of the mind, which was considered to be the crux of what separated us from the physical. However, from Descartes onwards, the opposition to materialism came from our apparent 'consciousness' and experience of 'sensation'. The emphasis on intellect is certainly echoed in Plato's work: as he believed (as did many other Greeks) that the body was a prison for the intellectual soul. Indeed Plato believed that the true substances are not physical bodies, which are ephemeral, but the eternal Forms of which bodies are imperfect copies. He came up with the idea of a realm of "Forms" and said that intellect was immaterial, for it does not last you, the refore Forms are immaterial, and thus intellect must link to those that it apprehends. He then continued to say that such a link forced the soul to want to leave the body to enter a realm of Forms. In his later writings, The Republic, Plato furthered his ideas on Forms and the soul; he claimed that not only was the soul the true form but belonged to a higher status within reality than the body did, and that the soul was a separate, immortal substance. Plato's study of dualism in The Phaedo was indeed complex, and more a metaphysical study regarding the imprisoned soul. However, it can be seen, especially amongst his writings in The Republic, that Plato was clear on his belief that the body and soul were separate entities, forming the base for philosophical extensions in more recent times. Continuing from Plato, St Thomas Aquinas extended earlier works on dualism in his endeavor to unite philosophy with proof of God. Aquinas agreed with the Aristotelian notion that when the soul entered the body it animated it and gave it life; calling it anima. Moreover according to Aquinas, the soul operates independently of the body and it cannot decay; for only things that can break into parts can decay, Thus, following Aquinas' argument, the soul is able to survive death. He also said that through

Blood Brothers Essay Example for Free

Blood Brothers Essay â€Å"Blood Brothers† is a play about two twins who are separated at birth, they do not only have different parents but have a whole different lifestyle. Eddie lives in a world of luxury and has opportunities to go to university and eventually owning his own business which is more than Mickey could have ever dreamed of. On the other hand Mickey is brought up in a working class family with no qualifications whatsoever, as soon as Mickey thinks he has finally settled down with a job he then finds himself fired and starts turning to crime. Towards the end of the play the differences between Eddie and Mickey begin to show as friction is caused between them. They begin to turn against each other and Linda is stuck in the middle as she has feelings for both Eddie and Mickey, this is when the question is raised asking whether Linda and Eddie have been having an affair. This is then what sends Mickey off the rails and ends up being the cause of the Johnstone twin’s death as Mickey shot Eddie in a rage of anger over Linda. Tension is caused at the end of the play when Mrs Johnstone tells Mickey and Eddie that they are brothers as the audience already knew this they just wanted to know when and how this would be revealed to the twins. Willy Russell wrote Blood Brothers to show how life was in Liverpool in 1980s and how being in a different class separated people. He also refers to the recession and how so many people lost their jobs and the only way for them to earn a living was to turn to crime like Mickey did as he needed money to support Linda and his child, Sammy did not help the situation as he was the one who had persuaded Mickey to earn money in that way. The end of the story is revealed to the audience by the narrator at the very beginning of the play. This builds up tension because people know what is going to happen so they are waiting to find out how it happened and what led up to that scene. Another thing that adds tension to the play is how the narrator keeps on referring back to the devil â€Å"the devils got your number, y’know he’s gonna find y’. Y’know he’s right behind y.† Towards the end of the play the narrator says how close the devil is getting, the devil being the devil inside Mickey when he shoots Eddie down. Mrs Johnstone sings a song about the price that she has to pay â€Å"Living on the never, never, constant as the changing weather never sure who’s at the door or the price I’ll have to pay† This song says that Mrs Johnstone has a price to pay, this could mean that she has to give up her baby in return for the money that Mrs Lyons gave her but the audience know that the price that she will have to pay is the guilt that she will suffer and that both her twins die. The constant weather indicates her life has been up and down like it’s raining when she is sad and sunny when she is happy and that everything changes as fast as the weather. Secondly when she says that she is â€Å"living on the never, never, Constant as the changing weather never sure who’s at the door† this could refer to the people who came to knock on her door to take away her possessions and that living on the never, never could mean that she knows that nothing that she has will stay with her forever. Another thing that indicates this is that when she says â€Å"It’s alright lad we’re used to it we were in the middle id our tea one night when they came for that table.† This means that she has had her belonging possessed before and because of this she doesn’t really mind when it happens again because it has happened so many times before. Willy Russell has made the audience sympathize with Mrs Johnstone because she has been through a lot in her life. At the beginning of the play she tells us how she got to be in that position in that moment in time. Mrs Johnstone describes her marriage and says â€Å"that I was six weeks overdue† which makes the audience feel sorry for her. It also describes the place of marriage which was at the registry office. â€Å"We got married at the registry and had a do†. This suggests to us the audience that the wedding was nothing too fancy, not too expensive and that the marriage was sudden and unexpected. She got married because she was expecting a baby, in difficult, circumstances to get married in. Soon after the wedding Mrs Johnstone wanted to go out and enjoy herself like she had done before but her husband wouldn’t take her anywhere because he became very conscious of her appearance and felt embarrassed to be seen with her. This is evident due to the fact that sh e gained weight and now perceived herself to be â€Å"twice the size of Marilyn Monroe†. The audience feels sympathetic towards her because she has seven children and low self esteem. This is shown by the fact that she describes herself to look like she is forty two instead of twenty five. This shows the physical strain that Mrs. Johnston has gone through. I understand why she gave her baby away to Mrs Lyons because Mrs Lyons emotionally manipulated Mrs Johnston in this terrible time she is going through. Mrs Lyons attempts to make Mrs Johnstone think positively by saying that â€Å"if he’s with me you’ll still be able to see him each day as you come to work† Mrs Lyons presents Mrs Johnstone with the idea that her son would have a much better life with herself â€Å"if he grew up here as our son†¦ he could have everything†. However this is why she may have done this for the benefit of the baby because she felt that Mrs Lyons could provide for him much better than she ever could and she just wanted him to have a better life. The purpose of the narrator is to explain some of the key action on stage. The narrator also involves the audience by asking them directly, to judge what they see. He reveals that the brothers die at the very start of the play and from then on he constantly reminds the audience of the twin’s fate. He presents the themes of fate, destiny and superstition throughout the play, but at the end he asks the audience to consider if it was social class rather than fate that caused the tragedy. In the play the narrator constantly reminds Mrs Johnstone and Mrs Lyons about the devil â€Å"Y’know the devils got your number, y’know he’s gonna find y’, y’know he’s right behind y’, he’s starin through your windows and he’s creeping down the hall.† This makes the audience realise that when the narrator refers to the devil he means the devil that is going to cause the death of the twins at the end of the play this makes the audience anxious as to when this is all going to happen. In this play Mickey, Eddie, Linda, and Sammy play all sorts of games, I think that the games that they play influence them when they are older for example they play with pretend guns and Sammy says â€Å"It only fires caps. I’m gonna get a real gun soon, I’m gonna get an air gun† This later becomes true as Sammy does get a real gun which is then used to kill someone; both Mickey and Sammy were arrested for this. The arrest is also relevant as the children used to play cops and robbers. â€Å"Come on Eddie, you can have a shot at our target in the park.†This is relevant because Mickey and Eddie practised shooting and in the end Mickey shoots Eddie so the shooting practise came in handy. I think the strongest child was Linda because she stuck up for Mickey no matter what; she stuck up for him when he was getting told of by the teachers and she was able to have the courage to lie to a police officer. Superstition is a big theme in the play and Mrs Johnstone is shown to be superstitious right at the beginning of the play. â€Å"New shoes on the table. Take them off†.The new shoes on the table could result in the birth of the twins. â€Å"Plural, Mrs Johnstone, mouths to feed, you’re expecting twins.† The narrator uses superstition during the play to imply the loss of money or precious things. â€Å"An’ a spider’s been killed.† A main part in the play is when Mrs Lyons uses Mrs Johnston’s superstitions to stop her from telling Eddie and Mickey that they actually brothers â€Å"They say that if either twin learns that he once was a pair, they shall both immediately die.† As Mrs Johnstone is very superstitious she believed every word Mrs Lyons says to her. This superstition later becomes true, as at the end of the play the only reason why the gun got fired was because Mrs Johnstone told the boys that they were actually brothers as she thought that it would stop Mickey from shooing Eddie but in the end although it may have been an accident Mickey still fired the gun either over anger or rage over Linda or pure shock to find out that he was a twin. The narrator finishes his speech with the idea of superstitions and whether they are the cause of the traumatic story line and ending. â€Å"And do we blame superstition for what came to pass.† The first sign of tension is when he kids grow up and Sammy causes trouble on the bus as he gets a knife out and starts threatening the conductor to give the bag with all of the fair money in just because he wouldn’t give Sammy a ticket â€Å"Fuck off, now move, you move! Give me the bag† This creates tension because nobody has ever seen that side of Sammy before and even Mickey gets scared and tries to stop him from getting into to deeper trouble â€Å"Sammy, Sammy!† The repetition means that Mickey is really worried and wants to get Sammy’s attention. When both Sammy and Mickey are both fired tension is created when Sammy asks Mickey to help him out with a job, Sammy then produces a gun and says they will go and hold someone up for some money. Mickey is reluctant at first, but wants to be able to buy Linda something nice, and agrees to stand guard. The audience want Mickey to be able to say no to Sammy because they know that it probably won’t end well, because they know that Mickey wants to be able to provide for Linda and his child but he won’t be able to do that behind bars. Meanwhile all this is happening at exactly the same time Edward meets up with Linda, proclaiming his love for her. She explains she has always loved him in a way, but she is now married to Mickey, and very much in love. Willy Russell shows them talking at the same time so the audience can compare what both Linda and Mickey are saying, Mickey gave into temptation and was willing to help Sammy with a job for money whilst Linda had Eddie declaring his love for her but Linda was strong enough to say no because she couldn’t do that to Mickey. At the beginning of the play Mickey and Eddie had a very strong friendship and cared and looked out for each other, when one was sad the other asked why and wanted to help â€Å"Mickey what’s wrong?† Eddie saw that Mickey was upset so he wanted to know if there was anything he could do to help. â€Å"I Thought we were blood brothers† this shows that they were once very close and being blood brothers meant that they always stuck together. As the play went on and the kids grew up into adults the relationship between Mickey and Eddie had changed. Before they were best friends, which had then changed into a university kid and an unemployed man who had nothing to say to each other. When Eddie announced that he had everything he had ever wanted and offered to give Mickey money, Mickey’s jealousy got the better of him â€Å"You, you’re a dickhead†. This indicates that Mickey is angry at Eddie because he has everything including all the money in the world whilst Mickey had no job, no money and hated the thought that his old best friend had everything he didn’t have. Right at the start of the play everyone saw how close Mickey and Linda were but when Mickey was in jail it not only changed him, but it changed his mental health as he became attached to drugs and became insane and mad. â€Å"He said about, about me nerves, an how I get depresses an, I need to take these cos they make me better.† But when Mickey did use these drugs it might have made him feel better but it put a strain on his and Linda’s relationship as they argued all the time which then resulted to Linda turning to Eddie for comfort and supposedly romance. Willy Russell uses ellipses to show pauses or that t he character is being hesitant in sentences to create tension and also to make the reader hang on to the speakers words and waiting for the next instalment. In the final moments of the feel tense as Mickey is running round the town with a gun searching for Eddie and everyone is wondering if he actually will shoot his brother or if he will just threaten him. The confrontation between Eddie and Mickey is very dramatic as Mickey is shouting out the odds and Eddie is denying everything. Then the police come in demanding that Mickey puts down the gun down then when he starts to realise what he is doing he begins to lower the gun, then when Mrs Johnstone comes and announces that they are twin brothers â€Å"Mickey don’t shoot Eddie, he’s your brother, I couldn’t afford to keep both of you. His mother couldn’t have kids so I agreed to give one of you away.† Mickey despairs that he was not the one given away, because then he could have had the life given to Eddie. Mickey, distraught, gestures carelessly with the gun towards Eddie. This sad story ends when the police misinterpret this action and gun Mickey down as he accidentally shoots Eddie, killing him. I think Blood Brothers the musical is a fantastic play, I especially love the way that each song has a meaning and the emotions of the characters in the lyrics. But I thought the end was good as you would have never thought that Mickey would kill Eddie. How the play was set for the narrator to have told the end of the story and the beginning of the play created more and more tension as the play went. I liked the fact that Willy Russell was influenced by Liverpool in 1983, only some of the characters had a Liverpool accent these were Mickey, Sammy, Linda, and Mrs Johnstone these were all the people in lower class and the ones who didn’t have an accent were Eddie, Mrs Lyons and Mr Lyons as they were very well spoken and in upper class. I learnt how social class can get in the way of you want to be friends with because their parents might not approve of you. I think the play might still have a relevance for a modern day audience as some people still rely on their class to get things, for example if Mrs Lyons wasn’t in upper class then Mrs Johnstone would have been able to stand up to her because she wouldn’t have thought that she was so high up. This can make modern day audiences change their mind and know that the times have changed so they can be friends with whoever they want to be. Another thing that the audience would see is how Mrs Lyons gave Mrs Johnstone money for her baby and that still happens today, so they can see that if someone does give their baby away to someone for money then it might not always end in happiness.

Run Time Adaptation of Service Feedback Control

Run Time Adaptation of Service Feedback Control Runtime Adaptation of Service With Feedback Control Self Optimization T.Priyaradhikadevi, R.Anandhi Abstract In a composite service which needs to be in uncertain and changing optimized environment which have service selection along with runtime adaptation. For maximum satisfaction for stakeholders quality and requirement needs for adapting composite services which responds to various environments. Service selection and business process for quality preference that made statistics during their design time. The proposed requirements driven self optimizing approach of such composite services measures its quality of service. The estimation of business tunes he preference for ranking the feedbacks detecting unexpected triggering of business values self optimization process. Process level configuration for modelling the configuration according to its mapping service level decision selections optimized and tuned for its quality of service. In our proposed model the process level preference based configuration of requirements ranks according to its goal configurations. The experimental study is use d to evaluate the proposed approach results indicating the new approach outperforms both fixed weighted and floating weighted service selecting approaches with respect to earning business value and adapting the flexibility. Keywords: Quality of service, self optimization, earning business value, service selection. 1. Introduction Architecture for service has emerging value of development and integration of business applications. In a service oriented system for development focusing the shifted customary application for designing the business process which selects and compose services for new business applications. Web services organizing integration for business process language used widely for specifying the business process for composite service rather than integration between composite services along with external web services. Functional requirement for business logic concerns with composite services should fulfil all the non functional concern for requiring quality of services. Composition of services that have uncertain and changing optimal configuration of business process which selects services that reflects decisions taken during design time. The reflected designs for self optimized service have some adapting runtime composite services in better way for meeting their overall quality of service requirement. Addressing the problems regarding composite services during their runtime adaptation for various service selection of different composition of approaches which is recently proposed with configuration of statistics business process. The set of abstract services have global approach towards its hybrid heuristics that have dynamic optimization of selected binding using their concrete services with each abstract service. Maximizing the usage of user objective is to satisfy the quality of service constraints which has user satisfaction which can have utility function for multiple weight assignment for criteria based on quality of service. Static decision approach based on various different preferences given for quality and business process made for design time which has weights for quality of service structures the business process used for selecting the service and compositions determines the design time which is static during runtime. During runtime these unchanged decisions used to make composite service which runs according to suboptimal manner. The betterment for optimization for entire stakeholder satisfying requirements with quality trade needed for adapting response to changing environment for system. High preference order process service for preventing risks requires the large amount for time and resource allocation for processing credit verifying the additional process. The response time for users is so long and they have to wait very patiently for their task to be accomplished. The process variability for activities having optional and alternate sub processes which often have various alternative business goal for quality of service requirements. Flexible accommodation of preference with different usage for quality of service requirements has taken risk for prevention of order processing. The order reconfiguration process skips temporary credit verification for improving the response time. The motivational service analyse the needed for required self optimizing composite services for dynamic quality services. The business value creation for adoption of stakeholders designing time that has runtime value based software engineering principles and practicing them. The emphasis is on incorporation of business values achieves the feedback controlling system. The self optimizing service technique for composite services that accounts for achieving business values which can be measured by transactions committed successfully. 2. Selection and composition for service The requirement driven value based idea for motivation for self optimizing approach for proposing the characteristics for composition of service have dynamic tradeoffs quality and support. The combination of runtime process for configuring the service that can have selection for various process requirements can provide them with resources. The values for business earned the reflection for runtime environment that satisfies the requirements of stake holders. Quality attributes measures and estimates earned business values having predefined value for our approach having dynamic quality tuning the rank preferences for different quality attributes that have control over feedbacks. The violation of business value ensures the detection of optimized preference rank process attributes systematically. The requirement configuration model based on preferences according to the quality of service requirement changes over the uncertain environment. The composite services always cannot run with optimal static configuration for business process along with selection of services. The existing stakeholders who are unsatisfied with the requirement driven approach has to be failed for selection of service and their composition which can have challenging problems. This can have many disadvantages for making business processes adaptable for runtime environment. The exponential for complexity in timing concerns. They do not have any satisfaction need with stakeholders responsibility. The static quality tradeoffs support the stakeholder for exponential time complexity. Overcoming the short comes of approaches propose the modelling of multi dimension problem have multiple choice having multiple constraints for optimal problems regarding path which leads to efficiency for heuristics. Hybrid approaches that finds nearest optimal solutions for end to end quality of service constraints that have local and global approaches. Figure.1 requirement driven and goal configuration based on value indicator. 3. Dynamic self optimization constraints All the hybrid approach for starting decompose which have end to end quality of service constraints that have local quality of service which can perform local selections. The approach that allows the quality of service weights for dynamic tuning that reflects dynamic quality tradeoffs uses the feedback controlling mechanism for achieving the runtime process adaptation for dynamic weaving for process. For motivating the dynamic quality for tradeoffs that can conduct maximized qualifiers for overall satisfaction for stakeholder requirements. Achieving the self optimization for composite services in which our proposed approach continuously seeks opportunities for improvising the earned business values. They can have maximized user satisfaction which can as well meet its quality of service requirements. The user satisfaction which can usually express the utility function for weighing various qualities of service criteria will be well fixed weight assignment of each quality of service criteria. The dynamically planned adaption service based on runtime requirement models for dynamic self optimization. For achieving the self optimization for overall composite services that maximizes the value propositions for multiple kinds of stakeholders. For optimizing the customer details should be entered in customer registry and once if the details are entered and submitted then they will be stored in database of stakeholders. They can be accessed using username and passwords which can also be used for updating and editing for details entered and stored. The customers should select their required product in self driven optimizing approach they can use the category or product name. If the product is available then they should choose the option for payment. Whether they should pay using credit or debit card. They also help in suggesting the alternate products which are not available in stock. After this process the bank transaction details of the customer should be rendered and they provide the feedbacks about their services. The approach for formulating the value for validating main threats which can capture the changes along with change of business strategies emphasize the guidance for online analytical processing. The large amount of business data can have composite service over the online analytical processing which can provide predictive analysis for validation and mapping of business processes. Dynamic runtime processing for business configuring the rare address faces different challenges according to their stake holder requirements. Self adaptive requirements based on system increasingly run under poor environment. The goal oriented requirements for widely used methods used in olden days. They are modelled and the intentions used for capturing and satisfying the requirements between the agents for exploring the alternate ways. Variable system used for processing runtime goals can be configured processes with regular credit verification such as checking the purchase and ordered things list the total number of products ordered and quality verification along with credit details verification. The evaluation and effectiveness for composite service approach having applications over real time applications required for evaluation of feasible that can guarantee the self improvement. The earned business values can be better or worse for depending on factors specifying the applications for number of process variations. There are different single and double approaches for hard perspectives for competitive selections during runtime. They are not superior or inferior static single approach which can totally have optimization for business values which is really harder. The composite service can optimally design strategies for new service optimization failure with new process configuration. 4. Conclusion In our proposed approach of requirement driven self optimizing approach we can combine the composite service for having process reconfiguration of high level and low level selection of service based on flexible adaptations. Then it supports dynamic quality tradeoffs for reflection of changing environments employs feedback controller that tunes the preference ranks for relevancy of attributes regarding quality. The earned business value having objective that can be triggered using self optimization techniques can be self optimized. The value formula for stakeholder requirements defines current business strategies for order processing service focuses directly on profits obtained from successful experience and feedback systems. The services for processing orders that have fixed weights and having flexibility demonstrate the performance adaptation for acceptable overhead for process reconfiguration which can select service accordingly. The integration rendered has to be variable with adv ancement of flexible mechanisms that can be achieved more flexible process variability having definitions and adaptations which validates their feasibility. References [1] V. Cardellini, E. Casalicchio, V. Grassi, F. Lo Presti, and R. Mirandola, â€Å"QoS-driven runtime adaptation of service oriented architectures,† in Proc. 7th Joint Meeting of the European Software Eng. Conf. and the ACM SIGSOFT Symp. Foundations of Software Eng., 2009, pp. 131–140. [2] OASIS. (2007, April) Web services business process execution language, v-2.0. [Online]. Available: http://docs.oasis-open.org/wsbpel/2.0/wsbpel-v2.0.pdf [3] E. Di Nitto, C. Ghezzi, A. Metzger, M. Papazoglou, and K. Pohl, â€Å"A journey to highly dynamic, self-adaptive servicebased applications,† Autom. Softw. Eng., vol. 15, no. 3-4, pp. 313–341, 2008. [4] L. Zeng, B. Benatallah, A. H.H. Ngu, M. Dumas, J. Kalagnanam, and H. Chang, â€Å"Qos-aware middleware for web services composition,† IEEE Trans. Softw. Eng., vol. 30, no. 5, pp. 311–327, 2004. [5] Y. Liu, A.H. Ngu, and L. Zeng, â€Å"QoS computation and policing in dynamic Web service selection,† in Proc. 13th Int’l Conf. World Wide Web Alternate Track Papers and Posters, 2004, pp. 66–73. [6] D.A. Menasc ´e and V.K. Dubey, â€Å"Utility-based QoS brokering in service oriented architectures,† in Proc. IEEE Int’l Conf. Web Service, 2007, pp. 422–430. [7] L. Zeng, B. Benatallah, M. Dumas, J. Kalagnanam, and Q.Z. Sheng, â€Å"Quality driven Web services composition,† in Proc. 12th Int’l Conf. World Wide Web, 2003, pp. 411–421. [8] D. Ardagna and B. Pernici, â€Å"Adaptive service composition in flexible processes,† IEEE Trans. Softw. Eng., vol. 33, no. 6, pp. 369–384, 2007. [9] T. Yu, Y. Zhang, and K.J. Lin, â€Å"Efficient algorithms for web services selection with end-to-end qos constraints,† ACM Trans. Web, vol. 1, no. 1, 2007. [10] M. Alrifai and T. Risse, â€Å"Combining global optimization with local selection for efficient QoS-aware service composition,† in Proc. 18th Int’l Conf. World Wide Web, 2009, pp. 881–890. [11] S.X. Sun and J. Zhao, â€Å"A decomposition-based approach for service composition with global QoS guarantees,† Inf. Sci., vol. 199, pp. 138–153, 2012. R. Anandhi has finished her B.Tech (IT) and at present she is pursuing M.E. (CSE) in Mailam Engineering College, Villupuram, Tamil Nadu, India. Her research interests lies in the areas of Mobile Computing, Data Mining, Cloud Computing and Software Engineering. T.Priyaradhikadevi has completed her M.Tech (IT) and now pursuing her Phd. Currently she is Head Of the department in Computer Science and Engineering at Mailam Engineering college,Villupuram , Tamil Nadu, India. She has attended many national and international conferences in several colleges. She organized many technical symposiums, workshops and seminars.